i.e., how we do what we do!
Participation Engenders Responsibility.
If we stop doing things for the students, they may see the advantages of doing things for themselves.
Nuts and Bolts
Effective learner active lessons require detailed planning. This takes time – much more than the prep time teachers’ schedules suggest.
Activities can be garnered from books, department plans, discussion with colleagues and increasingly from the web. They can also be created, tried and revised.
What went well? What was missing or mistimed? What phrasing of instructions or discussion questions needs sharpening? What could be added that might improve the package?
Save plans in an organized file and revisit them when you do them. In general it takes about 3 times through before a sequence is well conceived. After a few years, entire units can be so substantial it is rare for them not to go well.
Plan one unit more carefully than you ever have before.
Comment below on the result:
Modern Times
The computer is a revolutionary and invaluable aid in this regard – enabling lesson plans and supplementary materials (like worksheets, references and follow-up exercises) to be revised and downloaded at will.
Begin now and each year back up your work regularly. Keep a hard copy in an organized binder as well.
Transfer one complete unit to disk replete with all worksheets, assessment tools, and other materials, models and displays you wish to keep.Comment on the process:
Technology
Computers open up possibilities in ways not imaginable a short while ago. They can serve as bulletin boards, e-mail exchanges, scanners, file-drawers and expediters of face-to-face communication with the aid of Skype. In addition they offer unlimited opportunity for extensive research resources. Integrate these options in your planning.
Increasingly they also provide multi-media supplements that can be stored and may provide expansive follow-up options for specific lessons.
[For example, in my Classics of Western Lit class, most American students didn’t have as many opportunities to observe images of Gods and Goddesses as they would have, had they lived in an older civilization. So I assembled slide shows of great art as a follow-up to our in-class discussions on a number of topics. By the time we got through the Trojan War, these images were no longer unfamiliar references.]
Expectations and Explorations
Administrators rarely ask for detailed daily plans. Most of the time they are content to top-manage general topics and by enumerating certain goals. The best respect the learning process and are not invasive.
Recently, department-wide units and statewide expectations are on the increase — in part to improve the planning generally and in part to promote standardization among classes. These come in the form of guidelines and expectations, recommended materials and assessment devices.
Nonetheless, classroom educators must subdivide units into small enough bites to define daily tasks and must consider what processes to use to enhance mastery.
[For example, New York State for years tested if students knew the form of a business letter, yet no students were expected to write to any businesses!]
Formatting
It is helpful for the construction of daily lesson plans to build pedagogical considerations into a form for lesson design.
Pedagogy from Greek paidagogos, literally child leading, |
(originally a slave leading children to school); |
through Latin paedagogus, to teach, be a teacher; |
to English pedagogy.* |
*Paraphrase from Origins by Eric Partridge
I am a pedagogist. It is my stock and trade, my lifetime study. To do it well requires talent, ingenuity and deep preparedness. Alas, the terminology is something of an embarrassment.
Lately the word ‘pedagogy’ has become a fad, overused and trivialized. One can read almost nothing in the field today that doesn’t use the term, usually as synonymous with teaching. I teach; therefore I use pedagogy—a tautology. In Herbach the Egyptian we are warned that over time the meaning of any word or phrase undergoes a transformation, a cooptation of a sort, particularly when it conveys cogent and perhaps threatening suggestions. In order to recover the original insight, we are advised to come up with new terminology as though pretending we had discovered a new truth, so that we can reconsider the older one. So far I have not found an adequate substitute, but I no longer feel comfortable using the word as descriptive of my chosen vocation.
What I mean by it, however, is clear. Pedagogy entails the techniques and practices a teacher uses to inspire, to focus, to personalize, to broaden, to challenge, and generally to grease the runners of the learner’s sled. Plato thought the answer was curriculum – etymologically suggesting that the wheels of the wagon roll more readily once we have cut a path through the high grass of our field. Skinner argued that it was a motivated maze runner who through repetition and reward would learn the path. It is neither.
What follows is one variation on this theme. The blank form can be copied onto a computer (as a template) for easy regeneration. All rights relinquished. Individual subjects, courses and approaches will suggest modifications, but be careful to consider the key concepts in one way or another. (c.f. One Lesson Plan Design later on this page.)
Planned Spontaneity
Good planning is like designing a bill of fare. Once the meal has begun, activity and discussion may take quite a few turns. Both the order and the timing may be affected as events unfold. Try not to adhere too rigidly to the plan. Permission to be flexible must be self-taught.
“Identical” classes will, annoyingly, take less or more time on the same task.
It may get messy by the end.
Unexpected events, insights, conflicts, verbal explosions will occur. Learn to enjoy the fruits of dynamic lessons.
Activities (unlike oratory) take widely varying amounts of time to complete. Get a sense of the time periods you are working in and manage some kind of closure when you can without distorting the learning process.
Have fill-ins available for unanticipated extra time. (There is some advantage in creating pertinent self-contained supplementary materials. These can serve as substitute plans as well.)
Think of lesson plans less as ceremonial dinner menus than as invitations to a picnic. The rules can change in the middle, but it’s nice to know you have the food and the fire is ready.
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